Search results for "Organic pollutants"
showing 10 items of 23 documents
Combined use of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in sy…
2012
As a suitable way for routine screening of pesticides and control of other organic contaminants in water, the combination of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) has been applied to the analysis of 63 surface and waste water samples after conventional solid-phase extraction (SPE). The extracts were screened for 43 pesticides or degradation products by LC-QqQ-MS/MS achieving limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.04 to 2 ng L(-1). Of the 43 selected pesticides, 33 were detected in water samples. The ESI-QTOF MS instrument was run using two simultaneous acquisi…
Emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment: Assessment in biota and influence of microplastics
2021
El medio ambiente sufre el vertido continuo de contaminantes antropogénicos, incluyendo compuestos orgánicos, como fármacos y productos de cuidado personal (PPCPs), plaguicidas, sustancias perfluoroalquiladas (PFASs), drogas de abuso y microplásticos. Algunos de estos contaminantes son de hecho considerados contaminantes emergentes. Una de las principales fuentes de contaminantes al medio ambiente son las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales Además, existen otras fuentes de carácter más difuso como la infiltración o las aguas de escorrentía, que pueden transportar plaguicidas y otros contaminantes emergentes empleados en los campos de cultivo. Todos estos vertidos suelen tener un dest…
Refractory organic pollutants and toxicity in pulp and paper mill wastewaters
2015
This review describes medium and high molecular weight organic material found in wastewaters from pulp and paper industry. The aim is to review the versatile pollutants and the analysis methods for their determination. Among other pollutants, biocides, extractives, and lignin-derived compounds are major contributors to harmful effects, such as toxicity, of industrial wastewaters. Toxicity of wastewaters from pulp and paper mills is briefly evaluated including the methods for toxicity analyses. Traditionally, wastewater purification includes mechanical treatment followed by chemical and/or biological treatment processes. A variety of methods are available for the purification of industrial w…
Démarche statistique pour la sélection des indicateurs par Random Forests pour la surveillance de la qualité des sols
2013
The volume of data, and the large number of biological variables to be tested (one hundred), require analytical techniques, such asRandom Forests, which can overcome the problem of multi-colinearity for the selection of indicators, sensitive to various factors.Random Forests methodology is appropriate for the selection of the most discriminant variables. So, we searched for the best wayto select them, by bringing together all biological variables, representing the Microflora and Fauna. This approach focuses on impactindicators from the Bio2 program, indicators of flora and indicators of accumulation (snails) were not included.This work has been implemented on the three factors of discrimina…
Analytical challenges to determine emerging persistent organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems
2018
Emerging persistent organic pollutants (ePOPs) include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonate (POSF/PFOS), which are newly listed in the Stockholm Convention. Other ePOPs, which have not been regulated, include organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and other perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Often ePOPs data related to occurrence, toxicity, impact or environmental behavior are insufficient or inadequate because of the lack of proper analytical methods to obtain them. Thus, a critical review of the analytical procedures proposed in the last six years (2011–2017) for determining ePOPs…
Combined effects of compost and Medicago sativa in recovery a PCB contaminated soil
2020
The effectiveness of adding compost and the plant Medicago sativa in improving the quality of a soil historically contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was tested in greenhouse microcosms. Plant pots, containing soil samples from an area contaminated by PCBs, were treated with the compost and the plant, separately or together. Moreover, un-treated and un-planted microcosms were used as controls. At fixed times (1, 133 and 224 days), PCBs were analysed and the structure (cell abundance, phylogenetic characterization) and functioning (cell viability, dehydrogenase activity) of the natural microbial community were also measured. The results showed the effectiveness of the compost an…
Concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and OC pesticides in intertidal marine gastropods of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea).
2009
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic organic compounds able to persist in the Environment for long time. They can be accumulated through food webs and this could be a risk to some extent to threat human health and environmental quality. Marine currents represent further important distribution way of POPs through marine habitats and organisms. In Sicily, no much attention has been paid on POPs distribution on coastal habitats, important reservoirs of biodiversity, even if these are strongly influenced by anthropogenic pressure. In this study, concentrations of PCBs…
Photocatalytic membrane reactors for water treatment
2015
Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process largely studied in the field of environment recovery by the total degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants and for synthesis. In this chapter, the basic principles of photocatalysis are discussed with the advantages related to its coupling with a membrane separation in photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs). The types of membranes most widely used and their criteria of selection are briefly discussed. PMRs’ classification based on their configuration and on the type of membrane operation is also discussed, evidencing as their appropriate choice is a key step in view of large-scale implementation. Finally, some ca…
Phytoplankton communities of polar regions–Diversity depending on environmental conditions and chemical anthropopressure
2015
The polar regions (Arctic and Antarctic) constitute up to 14% of the biosphere and offer some of the coldest and most arid Earth's environments. Nevertheless several oxygenic phototrophs including some higher plants, mosses, lichens, various algal groups and cyanobacteria, survive that harsh climate and create the base of the trophic relationships in fragile ecosystems of polar environments. Ecosystems in polar regions are characterized by low primary productivity and slow growth rates, therefore they are more vulnerable to disturbance, than those in temperate regions. From this reason, chemical contaminants influencing the growth of photoautotrophic producers might induce serious disorders…
A QUANTITY-QUALITY MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL: MODEL CALIBRATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
2015
Landfill leachate represents nowadays one of the most important issue related to the waste management cycle. Knowledge about leachate distribution and transport as well as fate of pollutants is fundamental for understanding the behavior of the landfill reactor. In the present study, a simple 1-D mathematical model was developed for the simulation of the vertical leachate fluxes throughout a landfill for MSW as well as the fate of inorganic pollutants within the landfill leachate pathway. The model was based on mass balance equations, which allowed to evaluate the moisture accumulation inside the landfill body as well as contaminant transport processes. The model enables to calculate the moi…